It is known that almost all from our vehicles currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel, which is dangerous from the point of view of nature protection. This situation requires the development of alternative energy carriers to promote future energy security. Hydrogen and natural gas have the potential to be a very attractive alternative energy carrier. These two gases are clean, efficient, and derived from diverse domestic resources, such as fossil resources. Success in the development of new hydrogen technologies, such as fuel cells, transport systems on hydrogen, metal hydride-based heat pumps has shown that the use of hydrogen and natural gas results in qualitatively new solutions of ecological and power problems.

    Realization of any scheme of hydrogen usage in transport depends on making a cost-effective system of gas storage. Successful development of a getter system of hydrogen storage presumes the presence of active thermal control and special properties of materials capable to store up hydrogen efficiently.

    A complex compound material (activated carbon fiber saturated with salts or metal hydrides) was developed as an efficient gas (ammonia, methane, hydrogen) adsorbent for new gas storage and transportation system application. To enhance the performance and thermodynamic efficiency of the gas storage vessels a heat pipe thermal control system was suggested.

    Adsorbed hydrogen is being considered as a potential energy carrier for vehicular applications to replace compressed gas due to its high energy density capability. A new design of hydrogen storage vessels using novel carbon sorbents and heat pipes thermal control is the subject of research program oriented on 5–10 kg of hydrogen be stored on-board. Porous structure and hydrogen-sorption capacities of activated carbon materials are considered. Numerical analysis based on the 2D nonequilibrium model of heat and mass transfer in the sorbent cylinder is carried out with the aim to investigate and optimize the sorption storage system. Obtained numerical and experimental data testify the possibilities of a new sorbent bed to reduce the operating pressure and increase a gas storage capacity.